The Imperfect Subjunctive
Uses:
In Spanish, the Imperfect Subjunctive is largely used in the same instances as the Present Subjunctive except for two main differences:
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the verb in the main clause has to be in the imperfect, preterite, conditional or pluperfect tense
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the action may happen in the future or the action did not happen
The triggers are:
1. To express desire: desear que, preferir que, querer que.
For example: “yo deseaba que fueras a la fiesta.”
2. To express hope: esperar que, ojalá.
For example: “yo esperaba que hiciera sol.”
3. To express fear: temer que, tener miedo que.
For example: "tenía miedo que no pudieras salir"
4. To express an emotion that an action provokes: estar contento/triste que, gustar que.
For example: “me gustaba que ganáramos el partido"
5. To express doubt: dudar que, no creer que, no imaginarse que, negar que, no parecer que, no pensar que, no suponer que.
For example: “no suponía que dijera la verdad.”
6. To express beliefs in the past: pensar que, creer que, parecer que.
For example: “pensaba que estuvieras loco.”
7. To express possibility in the past/conditional: era/sería posible que, no era/sería posible que, era/sería imposible que.
For example: "era imposible que el equipo ganara el partido."
8. To express requests and influence: exigir que, insistir en que, pedir que, sugerir que.
For example: "insistía en que conociéramos su hermana"
9. After impersonal expressions (usually with era/sería): sería aconsejable que, era importante que, etc.:
For example: "sería aconsejable que hicieras tus deberes."
10. To express oneself in a higher register (more politely).
For example: "¿pudiera ayudarle?"
11. With specific words and phrases: acaso, a menos que, antes de que, aunque*, como si, en el caso de que, hasta que, mientras que, para que, quizás, sin que, tal vez.
For example: “debes hacer tus deberes para que aprendas.”
It is most commonly used to express hypothetical actions/events in if clauses.
For example: si yo fuera el presidente cambiaría muchas cosas.
*Notebook: Aunque can be used in the Indicative as well as the Subjunctive.
**Notebook: The subject must change for the Subjunctive to be used.
Formation: Regular verbs
The formation of regular verbs in Spanish is fairly simple. In their infinitive form, verbs end in either: -ar, -er or –ir.
However, the Imperfect Subjunctive is a bit more difficult.
To form the Imperfect Subjunctive for regular verbs in Spanish, we need to know the ellos/ellas/ustedes form of the verb in the preterite tense. We then remove the aron/ieron ending to be left with the Imperfect Subjunctive stem.
For example: hablar → hablaron - aron = habl
Then the correct Imperfect Subjunctive ending must be added to the stem in order to indicate agent of the action.
For example: the stem of hablar = habl, the ending for I for -ar verbs is is "ara/ase", the conjugated verb becomes "hablara/hablase".
The endings for each person are as follows:
Here is an example of each type of regular verb:
Irregulars:
The vast majority of verbs are regular in the Imperfect Subjunctive. The only irregulars are verbs that have a different stem in the third person plural (ellos/ellas/ustedes) in the Preterite.
Below is a list of some common verbs that have a different stem in the third person plural in the Preterite:
1. Very important verbs:
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estar → estuv
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haber → hub
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hacer → hic
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ir → fuer
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poder → pud
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ser → fuer
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tener → tuv
2. Important verbs:
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dar → di
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decir → dij
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preferir → prefir
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saber → sup
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querer → quis
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venir → vin
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ver → vi
3. Less important verbs:
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andar → anduv
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caber → cup
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conducir → conduj
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dormir → durm
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introducir → introduj
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morir → mur
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oír → oy
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pedir → pid
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reducir → reduj
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repetir → repit
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seguir → sigu
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traer → traj
Click here to continue to exercises on the Imperfect Subjunctive
Published: 18/04/2016